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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	297 019	293 752	326 797^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	6	-1.3	6.2^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	1 407.9	1 292.9	1 385.8^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	24.5	23.2	23.8^b
Economy: Industry^e,g (% of Gross Value Added)	20.1	19.8	21.2^b
Economy: Services and other activity^e,h (% of GVA)	55.5	57	55.1^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	41	38	36.4^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	24	24.8	25.5^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	35	37.2	38.1^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	3.6	6.2ⁱ	5.8ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	24.0 / 78.9	23.7 / 79.6ⁱ	24.4 / 80.9ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	145	200	343^d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	112	116^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	22 089	22 237	27 830^i,d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	43 990	45 775	47 822^i,d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 21 901	- 23 538	- 19 991^i,d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 2 803	-651	-350^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.4	1.9	1.5^a
Urban population (% of total population)	36	36.9^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	2.7^j	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	4	3.8	3.5^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	68.1 / 63.5	68.4 / 63.3	70.3 / 65.5^a
Population age distribution^k (0-14/60+ years old, %)	38.8 / 5.9	37.9 / 6.3	36.7 / 6.7^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	3 506.5 / 1.8^l	3 276.6 / 1.5^l	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	3 440.0	1 535.9	2 129.5^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	76.2	65.2	58.1^a
Health: Current expenditure^m,n (% of GDP)	2.5	3	2.9^i,o
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	0.9	1.1^c	...
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	2.6	2.1	2.1^o
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	68.2 / 81.1	76.8 / 89.3^c	77.4 / 91.0^o
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	38.7 / 47.8	44.7 / 51.8^c	47.0 / 54.7^o
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	24.4 / 32.6	29.7 / 35.6^c	31.1 / 37.8^o
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	4.5	3.7	4.2^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	20.7	20.2^p	20.5^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	11ⁱ	18.9^q,r	32.9^i,r,b
Research & Development expenditure^s,t (% of GDP)	0.2	0.2^c	0.2^o
Threatened species (number)	129	155	238^d
Forested area (% of land area)	5.1	4.8	4.8^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	133.2 / 0.6	208.5 / 0.9	224.6 / 1.0^o
Energy production, primaryⁿ (Petajoules)	2 273	2 205	2 429^o
Energy supply per capitaⁿ (Gigajoules)	15	18	19^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	966^u	...	...
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	34.8	34.8	34.8^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	52.7 / 38.3	55.6 / 44.4	56.8 / 46.9^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	... / 28.3	... / 36.8	... / 40.2^b
Net Official Development Assist. received (% of GNI)	1.42	0.88	0.85^o

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
f		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
k		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
l		Including refugees.
m		Health expenditure data for even years (2006, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018) are based on SHA 1.0 health accounts produced by the country, adjusted to separate current health expenditure from capital health expenditure.
n		Data refer to fiscal years beginning 1 July.
o		2021
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Users in the last 3 months.
r		Population aged 10 years and over.
s		Excluding private non-profit.
t		Excluding business enterprise.
u		2012