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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	2 927 911	2 697 807	3 089 073^d
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	2.2	-10.4	4.3^d
GDP per capita (current US$)	44 889.8	40 230.1	45 758.0^d
Economy: Agriculture^h,i (% of Gross Value Added)	0.7	0.7	0.9^d
Economy: Industry^i,j (% of Gross Value Added)	20.3	19.3	18.4^d
Economy: Services and other activity^i,k (% of GVA)	79	80	80.8^d
Employment in agriculture^l (% of employed)	1.1	1	1^d
Employment in industry^l (% of employed)	18.7	18.2	18.1^d
Employment in services^l (% employed)	80.2	80.8	80.9^d
Unemployment (% of labour force)	5.3	4.5	4.9^l
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	57.2 / 68.5	58.6 / 67.2	58.2 / 66.6^l
CPI: Consumer Price Index^m (2010=100)	112	122	146^g
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	101	98	101^d
International trade: exports (million current US$)	466 296	395 692	520 775^g
International trade: imports (million current US$)	630 251	634 175	791 386^g
International trade: balance (million current US$)	- 163 955	- 238 483	- 270 611^g
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	- 144 834	- 78 217	- 110 393^g

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate^a (average annual %)	0.8	0.2	0.6^b
Urban population (% of total population)	82.6	83.7^f	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	1ⁿ	...	...
Fertility rate, total^a (live births per woman)	1.8	1.6	1.6^b
Life expectancy at birth^a (females/males, years)	82.7 / 79.0	82.4 / 78.4	83.3 / 79.5^b
Population age distribution^a,o (0-14/60+ years old, %)	17.9 / 23.2	18.0 / 24.3	17.2 / 25.5^b
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	8 407.0 / 12.8	9 359.6 / 13.8	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	155.1	191.6	541^g
Under five mortality rate^a (per 1000 live births)	4.5	4.2	4.2^b
Health: Current expenditure^p (% of GDP)	9.8	12.2	11.3^d
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	2.8	3	3.2^d
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	5.6	5.2^f	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	99.8 / 99.8^l	98.6 / 98.6^l	98.6 / 98.5^d
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	109.7 / 112.9^l	111.3 / 111.2^l	110.5 / 110.8^d
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratio (f/m per 100 pop.)	140.6 / 131.2^l	120.0 / 113.3^l	116.3 / 109.7^d
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	1.2	1.1	1.4^d
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	22.8	33.8^q	34.7^q

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	92^r	94.8^s	95.3^l,s,d
Research & Development expenditure^t (% of GDP)	2.3^l	2.9	2.9^u
Threatened species (number)	87	176	165^g
Forested area (% of land area)	13	13.2	13.2^u
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	403.4 / 6.2	299.2 / 4.5	322.0 / 4.8^u
Energy production, primary^v (Petajoules)	4 894	4 875	4 189^u
Energy supply per capita^v (Gigajoules)	116	96	99^u
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders (000)	35 149	10 714	30 741^d
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	83.1	83.4	83.4^g
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	99.0 / 93.6	99.0 / 93.6	99.0 / 93.6^d
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^w (% of GNI)	0.7	0.73	0.52^d

Footnotes

a		Refers to the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. For statistical purposes, the data for United Kingdom do not include Anguilla, Bermuda, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Channel Islands, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), Gibraltar, Isle of Man, Montserrat, Saint Helena, Turks and Caicos Islands.
b		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
c		Excluding Channel Islands (Guernsey and Jersey) and Isle of Man, shown separately, if available.
d		2022
e		Data refer to "Urban area" (Greater London).
f		2019
g		2023
h		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
i		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
j		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
k		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
l		Estimate.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division from national indices.
n		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
o		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
p		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
q		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
r		Users in the last 3 months.
s		Population aged 16 years and over.
t		Provisional data.
u		2021
v		Shipments of coal and oil to the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man from the United Kingdom are not classed as exports but as part of UK supply. Exports of natural gas to the Isle of Man are included with the exports to Ireland.
w		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).