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General Information

Economic indicators

	2015	2020	2024
GDP: Gross domestic product (million current US$)	3 356 236	3 887 727	4 076 924^b
GDP growth rate (annual %, const. 2015 prices)	1.5	-3.8	1.8^b
GDP per capita (current US$)	40 893.2	46 655.2	48 901.7^b
Economy: Agriculture^e,f (% of Gross Value Added)	0.8	0.8	1^b
Economy: Industry^f,g (% of Gross Value Added)	30.1	29.5	29.7^b
Economy: Services and other activity^f,h (% of GVA)	69.1	69.7	69.3^b
Employment in agricultureⁱ (% of employed)	1.4	1.2	1.2^b
Employment in industryⁱ (% of employed)	27.7	27.4	26.9^b
Employment in servicesⁱ (% employed)	70.9	71.4	71.9^b
Unemployment (% of labour force)	4.6	3.9	3.2ⁱ
Labour force participation rate (female/male pop. %)	54.7 / 65.9	55.6 / 65.9	56.0 / 66.6ⁱ
CPI: Consumer Price Index (2010=100)	107	106^j	117^k,d
Agricultural production index (2014-2016=100)	99	95	93^b
International trade: exports (million current US$)	1 328 500	1 385 852	1 697 350^d
International trade: imports (million current US$)	1 057 536	1 173 167	1 469 329^d
International trade: balance (million current US$)	270 964	212 685	228 021^d
Balance of payments, current account (million US$)	288 065	255 319	262 723^d

Social indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Population growth rate (average annual %)	1.2	-~0.0	-0.3^a
Urban population (% of total population)	77.2	77.4^c	...
Urban population growth rate (average annual %)	0.3^l	...	...
Fertility rate, total (live births per woman)	1.5	1.5	1.4^a
Life expectancy at birth (females/males, years)	83.0 / 78.1	83.4 / 78.6	83.9 / 79.2^a
Population age distribution^m (0-14/60+ years old, %)	13.2 / 27.4	13.8 / 28.7	13.9 / 31.0^a
International migrant stock (000/% of total pop.)	10 220.4 / 12.5	15 762.5 / 18.8	... / ...
Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR (000)	573.8	1 421.9	2 873.4^d
Under five mortality rate (per 1000 live births)	3.9	3.6	3.4^a
Health: Current expenditureⁿ (% of GDP)	11.2	12.7	12.7^b
Health: Physicians (per 1 000 pop.)	4.1	4.5	4.5^o
Education: Government expenditure (% of GDP)	4.9	5.1^c	...
Education: Primary gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	102.4 / 102.9	101.9 / 102.1	101.4 / 101.3^o
Education: Lowr. sec. gross enrol. ratio ⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	100.0 / 102.1	99.3 / 101.4	99.1 / 100.8^o
Education: Upr. Sec. gross enrol. ratioⁱ (f/m per 100 pop.)	98.4 / 109.8	95.1 / 110.4	96.0 / 110.8^o
Intentional homicide rate (per 100 000 pop.)	0.8	0.9	0.8^b
Seats held by women in national parliaments (%)	36.5	31.2^p	35.3^p

Environment and infrastructure indicators

	2015	2020	2024
Individuals using the Internet (per 100 inhabitants)	87.6^q	89.8^r	92.5^s,d
Research & Development expenditure (% of GDP)	2.9	3.1ⁱ	3.1^o
Threatened species (number)	107	200	209^d
Forested area (% of land area)	32.7	32.7	32.7^o
CO2 emission estimates (million tons/tons per capita)	721.4 / 8.8	580.8 / 7.0	600.2 / 7.2^o
Energy production, primary (Petajoules)	5 016	4 036	4 244^o
Energy supply per capita (Gigajoules)	158	140	144^o
Tourist/visitor arrivals at national borders^t (000)	34 970	12 449	28 463^b
Important sites for terrestrial biodiversity protected (%)	77	79.2	79.2^d
Pop. using safely managed drinking water (urban/rural, %)	99.9 / 99.7	100.0 / 99.7	100.0 / 99.6^b
Pop. using safely managed sanitation (urban/rural, %)	98.3 / 91.2	98.5 / 91.4	98.5 / 91.4^b
Net Official Development Assist. disbursed^u (% of GNI)	0.6	1.14	1.32^b

Footnotes

a		Projected estimate (medium fertility variant).
b		2022
c		2019
d		2023
e		Excludes irrigation canals and landscaping care.
f		Data classified according to ISIC Rev. 4.
g		Excludes publishing activities. Includes irrigation canals.
h		Includes publishing activities and landscape care. Excludes repair of personal and household goods.
i		Estimate.
j		Index base: 2015=100.
k		Base 2020 = 100
l		Data refers to a 5-year period preceding the reference year.
m		Calculated by the UN Statistics Division.
n		Data based on calendar year (January 1 to December 31).
o		2021
p		Data are as at 1 January of reporting year.
q		Users in the last 3 months.
r		Population aged 10 years and over.
s		Population aged 16 to 74 years.
t		Non-resident tourists staying in all types of accommodation establishments.
u		Development Assistance Committee member (OECD).